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Article

Analysis of the Operation Efficiency of the City Bus Industry: Focusing on Comparison Between Semi-Public and Private Operating Systems

시내버스 운송업의 운영효율성 분석 : 준공영제와 민영제 비교를 중심으로

Seunghyun CHOI1*
,
Gyu Seok CHO2
,
Yeonseung YU3
,
Myung Sik DO4
최 승현1*
,
조 규석2
,
유 연승3
,
도 명식4
1Chief Researcher, Korea Research Institute of Transportation Industries, Seoul 02504, Korea
2Vice-President, Korea Research Institute of Transportation Industries, Seoul 02504, Korea
3Ph.D Course, Department of Transportation Engineering/Department of Smart Cities, University of Seoul, Seoul 06703, Korea
4Professor, Department of Urban Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea
1한국운수산업연구원 책임연구원
2한국운수산업연구원 부원장
3서울시립대학교 교통공학과/스마트시티학과 박사과정
4한밭대학교 도시공학과 교수
*Corresponding Author
29 February 2024. pp. 94-106
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Abstract

Local governments on a private operating system basis are more difficult than those semi public operating system, indicating that appropriate evaluation is needed on the impact of differences in the city bus operating system on the city bus transportation industry. Therefore, in this study, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) and Malmquist Productivity Index analysis were performed on 16 local governments in Korea to assess the impact of city bus operating system on the urban bus industry. First, for analysis, domestic local governments considering the urban bus operating system were divided into two groups: semi-public operating system and private operating system. Input variables for analysis include four variables: number of drivers, number of employees, operating costs, and subsidies, and two output factors including number of passengers and revenue were considered. Next, the operation efficiency of the urban bus industry was analyzed using the CCR/BCC model, which is the DEA's representative analysis methods, and the Malmquist productivity index model. The result showed that first, regardless of COVID-19, the operation efficiency of semi-public system was higher than that of private system. Also, regions with a large number of passengers, such as Ulsan and Gyeonggi, even though they have private operating systems, showed high operation efficiency. Second, in order to secure the operation efficiency of the urban bus industry, it was found that an additional 11.8% of drivers, 13.1% of employees, 11.3% of operating costs, and 14.0% of subsidies are needed per bus. Third, due to COVID-19, productivity was found to have decreased by 7% in the regions with semi-public operating system and 14% in the regions with private operating system. In particular, the rate of productivity decline in private operating systems was found to be about twice as large as that in the regions with semi-public systems. It is expected that the results of this study could be helpful in establishing efficient operation plans for the current urban bus industry by identifying the operation efficiency of the urban bus industry and establishing policies to ensure operation efficiency.

Keywords
bus operating system
city bus industry
DEA
malmquist productivity index
operation efficiency

최근 코로나19를 겪으면서 시내버스 업계의 경영애로는 더욱 가중되었다. 특히 준공영제로 운영중인 지역 보다 민영제로 운영중인 지역의 어려움이 더욱 커진 것으로 나타나, 시내버스 운영체제가 시내버스 운송업에 미치는 영향력 등에 대한 적절한 평가가 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 시내버스 운영체제가 시내버스 운송업에 미치는 영향력을 살펴보기 위해 국내 16개 지자체를 대상으로 자료포락분석과 맘퀴스트 생산성지수 분석을 수행하였다. 먼저, 분석을 위해 국내 지자체를 시내버스 운영체제를 고려하여 준공영제와 민영제 지역의 2개 그룹으로 구분하였다. 분석을 위한 투입변수로는 운전자수, 종사자수, 운영비용, 재정지원금 4개 변수를, 산출요소로는 승객수와 운송수익 2개 변수를 고려하였다. 다음으로 DEA의 대표적인 분석 방법인 CCR/BCC 모형과 맘퀴스트 생산성지수 모델을 활용하여 시내버스 운송업의 운영효율성을 분석하였다. 그 결과로는 첫째, 코로나19에 상관없이 민영제 지역 대비 준공영제 지역의 운영효율성이 높게 나타났으며, 민영제 지역임에도 울산, 경기 등 수송규모가 큰 지역은 운영효율성이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 시내버스 운송업의 운영효율성을 확보하기 위해서는 버스 1대당 운전기사 11.8%, 종업원 13.1%, 운영비용 11.3%, 재정지원금 14.0%가 추가적으로 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 코로나19로 인하여 준공영제 지역은 7%, 민영제 지역은 14% 생산성이 감소한 것으로 나타났으며 특히, 민영제 지역은 준공영제 지역 대비 생산성 감소율이 약 2배 정도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 시내버스 운송업의 운영효율성을 파악하고 운영효율성을 확보하기 위한 정책을 수립함으로써 현재 시내버스 운송업의 효율적인 운영 방안 수립에 본 연구가 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

키워드
버스운영체제
시내버스 운송업
자료포락분석
맘퀴스트 생산성지수
운영효율성
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Transportation
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한교통학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
  • Journal Title(Ko) :대한교통학회지
  • Volume : 42
  • No :1
  • Pages :94-106
  • Received Date : 2023-12-07
  • Revised Date : 2024-01-04
  • Accepted Date : 2024-01-23
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2024.42.1.094
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