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Article

Selection of Operation Plan Considering Travel Demand: Focusing on the Fixed-Route Transit and the Demand-Responsive Transit

통행 수요를 고려한 대중교통 운행 방식 선정 방법에 관한 연구: 고정형과 수요응답형을 중심으로

Sungju SEO1
,
Jinhee KIM2*
서 성주1
,
김 진희2*
1Research Engineer, Navigation Development Team, Hyundai Motor Group, Seoul 06179, Korea
2Associate Professor, Department of Urban Planning and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
1현대자동차(주) 내비게이션개발팀 연구원
2연세대학교 도시공학과 부교수
*Corresponding Author
29 February 2024. pp. 29-46
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Abstract

To maximize the socioeconomic benefits of public transportation, such as economic feasibility and eco-friendliness, it is necessary to establish an appropriate operational plan considering the travel demand. If not, it may lead to negative problems such as weakening service sustainability, worsening transportation equity, and increasing inconvenience in use. Furthermore, the fixed-route transit and the demand-responsive transit are different in aspects of the strengths; the former operates on pre-determined routes and timetables and the latter responds flexibly in responding to the demand. To exploit their strength, the appropriate operation plan should be determined with sufficient consideration of demand. Typically, the former is efficient where there is enough demand, while the latter is efficient where there is not enough demand. Therefore, this study aims to establish a methodology for deriving an appropriate type of public transportation service among fixed-route and demand-responsive transit based on demand data and additional socioeconomic characteristics. To this end, travel pattern was clustered by DBSCAN based on travel characteristics data divided into three main aspects: spatial, temporal, and socioeconomic characteristics. As a result of case analysis in Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, a total of 182 origin-destination pairs were divided into 7 clusters and 29 noises. Some specific clusters seem that the demand-responsive transit is appropriate in that they have low traffic volumes and irregular occurrence patterns, whereas the noises seem that the fixed-route transit is better in that they have enough traffic volumes and less irregular occurrence patterns.

Keywords
dbscan
demand-responsive transit
fixed-route transit
travel demand
travel pattern

대중교통의 경제성, 친환경성 등 사회경제적 이점을 극대화하기 위해서는 통행 수요를 고려하여 적절한 운영 제반사항이 정립될 필요가 있다. 수요가 충분히 고려되지 않는다면, 손익 악화에 따른 서비스 지속가능성 약화, 교통 형평성 악화, 이용 불편 증가 등 부정적 문제로까지 이어진다. 나아가 사전에 정해진 노선과 배차시간표대로 운행되는 고정형 방식과 시시각각 수요에 따라 유연하게 대응하는 수요응답형 방식은 서로 장단점이 다른데, 수요를 충분히 고려하여 지역별, 시간대별 적합한 운행 방식을 결정하여야 각각의 장점을 극대화할 수 있다. 일반적으로 전자는 수요가 시공간적으로 고정적이면서 양이 많은 곳에서 경제적으로 효율적인 반면, 후자는 수요가 적고 가변적인 곳에서 효율적인 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구는 사전에 확보된 수요의 발생 패턴 정보와 그 외 추가적인 지역사회의 사회경제적 특성에 기반하여 고정형과 수요응답형 중 적절한 대중교통 서비스 유형을 도출해내는 방법론을 정립하고자 한다. 이를 위해 크게 공간적 특성과 시간적 특성, 사회경제적 특성 3가지로 구분한 통행 특성 데이터를 밀도 기반 클러스터링(DBSCAN)하여 통행 행태를 그룹화하였다. 서울특별시 서대문구 사례 분석 결과, 총 182개의 기종점쌍은 7개의 클러스터와 29개의 노이즈로 구분되었다. 특정 클러스터에 속하는 기종점쌍은 통행량이 적으면서도 발생 패턴이 불규칙하다는 점에서 수요응답형 운행 방식이 적합하고, 노이즈에 속하는 기종점쌍은 통행량이 충분히 많고 그 정도가 시간의 흐름에 따라 큰 변화를 보이지 않는다는 점에서 고정형 운행 방식이 적절한 것으로 판단되었다.

키워드
DBSCAN
수요응답형 대중교통
고정형 대중교통
통행 수요
통행 패턴
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Society of Transportation
  • Publisher(Ko) :대한교통학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
  • Journal Title(Ko) :대한교통학회지
  • Volume : 42
  • No :1
  • Pages :29-46
  • Received Date : 2023-10-31
  • Revised Date : 2023-11-07
  • Accepted Date : 2023-12-19
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2024.42.1.029
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